{
 "timeline": {
  "book": {
   "start": 0.8717413972888426,
   "end": 0.9030239833159541,
   "parts": [
    {
     "title": "Moses’ First Address: A Historical Summary",
     "start": 0,
     "end": 0.1678832116788321,
     "current": false
    },
    {
     "title": "Moses’ Second Address: The Terms of the Covenant",
     "start": 0.1678832116788321,
     "end": 0.7226277372262774,
     "current": false
    },
    {
     "title": "Moses’ Third Address: A Look into the Future",
     "start": 0.7226277372262774,
     "end": 1,
     "current": true
    }
   ]
  },
  "bible": {
   "era": "Wilderness and Law",
   "eraIndex": 3,
   "approxDate": "15th century BC",
   "eras": [
    "Creation",
    "Patriarchs",
    "Exodus",
    "Law",
    "Judges",
    "Kingdom",
    "Divided",
    "Exile",
    "Return",
    "Silence",
    "Jesus",
    "Church",
    "Kingdom come"
   ]
  }
 },
 "ref": {
  "input": "Deuteronomy 31",
  "display": "Deuteronomy 31",
  "id": "DEU.31.1-31.30",
  "kind": "chapter",
  "book": "DEU",
  "bookName": "Deuteronomy",
  "start": {
   "c": 31,
   "v": 1
  },
  "end": {
   "c": 31,
   "v": 30
  },
  "verses": 30
 },
 "intro": {
  "source": "https://biblehub.com/study/deuteronomy/",
  "keyFacts": {
   "theme": "Second Giving of the Law",
   "author": "Moses",
   "audience": "The text addresses the new generation of Israelites about to enter Canaan, reminding them of God’s laws and covenant.",
   "date": "The book of Deuteronomy derives its name from the Greek “deuteronomion,” meaning “second law.” Traditionally, scholars attribute the majority of its authorship to Moses, who is believed to have written it during the final stages of his life, around the 15th century BC.",
   "purpose": "Its purpose is to reaffirm the covenant, reiterate the law, and prepare them for life in the Promised Land.",
   "genre": "Deuteronomy is a blend of law, history, and sermon.",
   "themes": [
    "Covenant Renewal",
    "Obedience to God",
    "Monotheism",
    "Love for God",
    "Remembrance of God's Acts",
    "Blessings and Curses",
    "Social Justice",
    "Centralization of Worship"
   ],
   "summary": "Deuteronomy recounts Moses’ final speeches to the Israelites before entering the Promised Land, emphasizing covenant renewal and obedience to God’s laws. It reiterates the Ten Commandments, outlines blessings for obedience, and warns of curses for disobedience. Moses urges faithfulness, love for God, and adherence to God’s commandments.",
   "keyVerse": "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is One. And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.\n—Deuteronomy 6:4–5"
  },
  "fullText": [
   {
    "heading": "Summary",
    "text": "Deuteronomy recounts Moses’ final speeches to the Israelites before entering the Promised Land, emphasizing covenant renewal and obedience to God’s laws. It reiterates the Ten Commandments, outlines blessings for obedience, and warns of curses for disobedience. Moses urges faithfulness, love for God, and adherence to God’s commandments."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Title and Author",
    "text": "The book of Deuteronomy derives its name from the Greek “deuteronomion,” meaning “second law.” Traditionally, scholars attribute the majority of its authorship to Moses, who is believed to have written it during the final stages of his life, around the 15th century BC."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Historical Context",
    "text": "Deuteronomy is set on the plains of Moab, east of the Jordan River, as the Israelites prepare to enter the Promised Land. It marks the end of their 40-year wilderness journey. The book is a series of speeches by Moses near the end of his life, followed by a final chapter to document his death."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Audience and Purpose",
    "text": "The text addresses the new generation of Israelites about to enter Canaan, reminding them of God’s laws and covenant. Its purpose is to reaffirm the covenant, reiterate the law, and prepare them for life in the Promised Land."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Genre and Style",
    "text": "Deuteronomy is a blend of law, history, and sermon. Its style is didactic, aiming to instruct and exhort the Israelites.\n<div class=\""
   },
   {
    "heading": "Structure and Content",
    "text": "• Author: Moses\n• Total Verses: 959\n• Total Words: Hebrew ≈ 14,000 / KJV 28,352 / ESV 27,014 / NIV 26,568\n• Total Chapters: 34\n• First Word: אֵלֶּה (Eleh – “These”)\n• Last Word: יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisrael – “Israel”)\n• Longest Chapter: Deuteronomy 28 (68 verses)\n• Shortest Chapter: Deuteronomy 34 (12 verses)\n• Divisions:\n– Deuteronomy 1:1–4:43 – Historical Prologue\n– Deuteronomy 4:44–11:32 – Call to Covenant Loyalty\n– Deuteronomy 12–26 – Stipulations for Covenant Living\n– Deuteronomy 27–30 – Blessings, Curses, and Renewal\n– Deuteronomy 31–34 – Leadership Transition, Song, Blessing, Death of Moses"
   },
   {
    "heading": "Firsts and Origins",
    "text": "• First explicit command to love God with all heart, soul, and strength (Deuteronomy 6:4-5)\n• First formal creed of Israel—the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4)\n• First mandate to centralize worship “in the place the LORD will choose” (Deuteronomy 12)\n• First declaration of Israel as God’s “treasured possession” linked to obedience (Deuteronomy 7:6)\n• First institutionalized tithe for the poor and Levites (Deuteronomy 14:28-29)\n• First instruction to inscribe the Law on stones (Deuteronomy 27:2-3)\n• First prophecy of a coming Prophet like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15-19)\n• First assignment of cities of refuge inside the land (Deuteronomy 4:41-43; 19)\n• First command for a septennial public reading of the entire Law (Deuteronomy 31:10-13)"
   },
   {
    "heading": "Language and Legacy",
    "text": "• Shema defines biblical monotheism and shapes daily Jewish prayer\n• Covenant vocabulary—hear, love, keep, remember—permeates later Scripture\n• Concept of “circumcision of the heart” anticipates Jeremiah 31 and Romans 2\n• Framework for the Deuteronomistic History (Joshua–Kings)\n• Source of Jesus’ three wilderness quotations (Matthew 4; Luke 4)\n• Provides the “greatest commandment” quoted by Jesus (Matthew 22:37-40)\n• Influences New Testament themes of blessing/curse and life/death choices\n• Greek title Deuteronomion (“Second Law”) underscores covenant renewal"
   },
   {
    "heading": "Key People",
    "text": "1. Moses (Deuteronomy 1:1)\nMoses is the central figure in Deuteronomy, serving as the leader of the Israelites and the primary speaker throughout the book. He delivers a series of speeches to the Israelites before they enter the Promised Land.\n2. The LORD (God) (Deuteronomy 1:6)\nThe LORD, or Yahweh, is the God of Israel who gives commandments and guidance to the Israelites through Moses. He is the central divine figure in the narrative.\n3. The Israelites (Deuteronomy 1:1)\nThe Israelites are the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. They are the chosen people of God, whom Moses addresses throughout the book.\n4. Amorites (Deuteronomy 1:4)\nThe Amorites are one of the Canaanite tribes that the Israelites encounter and are instructed to conquer as they enter the Promised Land.\n5. Sihon (Deuteronomy 1:4)\nSihon is the king of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. He is defeated by the Israelites as they journey toward the Promised Land.\n6. Og (Deuteronomy 1:4)\nOg is the king of Bashan, another region the Israelites conquer. He is noted for being one of the last of the Rephaim, a race of giants.\n7. Esau (Deuteronomy 2:4)\nEsau is the brother of Jacob (Israel) and the ancestor of the Edomites. The Israelites are instructed not to harass the Edomites because they are related.\n8. Lot (Deuteronomy 2:9)\nLot is the nephew of Abraham and the ancestor of the Moabites and Ammonites. The Israelites are told not to harass these nations because of their kinship.\n9. Moabites (Deuteronomy 2:9)\nThe Moabites are descendants of Lot and live in the region of Moab. The Israelites are instructed not to engage them in battle.\n10. Ammonites (Deuteronomy 2:19)\nThe Ammonites are also descendants of Lot. Like the Moabites, they are not to be attacked by the Israelites.\n11. Joshua (Deuteronomy 1:38)\nJoshua is the assistant and successor of Moses, who will lead the Israelites into the Promised Land after Moses' death.\n12. Caleb (Deuteronomy 1:36)\nCaleb is one of the two faithful spies (along with Joshua) who encouraged the Israelites to trust in God and enter the Promised Land.\n13. Aaron (Deuteronomy 10:6)\nAaron is the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. He dies during the Israelites' journey in the wilderness.\n14. Levi (Deuteronomy 10:8)\nLevi is one of the twelve sons of Jacob and the ancestor of the Levites, the tribe set apart for religious duties.\n15. Balaam (Deuteronomy 23:4)\nBalaam is a non-Israelite prophet who was hired by Balak, the king of Moab, to curse the Israelites, but he ended up blessing them instead."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Key Places",
    "text": "1. Horeb (Deuteronomy 1:2)\nHoreb is another name for Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God. It is a significant location in the Israelites' journey as it represents the place of covenant and law-giving.\n2. Kadesh-barnea (Deuteronomy 1:19)\nKadesh-barnea is a desert oasis where the Israelites camped during their wilderness wanderings. It served as a key location for the Israelites' exploration of the Promised Land.\n3. Seir (Deuteronomy 1:2)\nSeir is a mountainous region inhabited by the descendants of Esau, also known as the Edomites. It is located southeast of the Dead Sea.\n4. Amorite Hill Country (Deuteronomy 1:7)\nThis region refers to the hill country inhabited by the Amorites, a group of Canaanite people. It was part of the land promised to the Israelites.\n5. Ar (Deuteronomy 2:9)\nAr is a city in Moab, located east of the Dead Sea. The Israelites were instructed not to harass the Moabites or engage in battle with them.\n6. Zered Valley (Deuteronomy 2:13)\nThe Zered Valley is a location the Israelites crossed during their journey. It marks a boundary between Moab and Edom.\n7. Arnon Valley (Deuteronomy 2:24)\nThe Arnon Valley is a significant geographical boundary between Moab and the Amorite territory. It is mentioned as a point of conquest for the Israelites.\n8. Heshbon (Deuteronomy 2:24)\nHeshbon was the capital city of King Sihon of the Amorites. It was conquered by the Israelites as they advanced into the Promised Land.\n9. Bashan (Deuteronomy 3:1)\nBashan is a fertile region north of Gilead, known for its strong cities and giant inhabitants. It was ruled by King Og, whom the Israelites defeated.\n10. Mount Hermon (Deuteronomy 3:8)\nMount Hermon is a prominent mountain in the northern part of the Promised Land.\n11. Jordan River (Deuteronomy 3:17)\nThe Jordan River is a major waterway in the region, serving as a natural boundary for the land of Canaan. It is significant for the Israelites' crossing into the Promised Land.\n12. Beth-peor (Deuteronomy 3:29)\nBeth-peor is a location in Moab, opposite Jericho. It is where Moses delivered his final speeches to the Israelites before his death."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Key Events",
    "text": "1. Moses' First Speech: Historical Review (Deuteronomy 1:1)\n- Moses begins by recounting Israel's journey from Mount Horeb through the wilderness to the plains of Moab, highlighting key events such as the sending of the spies and the rebellion at Kadesh-barnea.\n2. Reiteration of the Ten Commandments (Deuteronomy 5:1)\n- Moses restates the Ten Commandments to the new generation of Israelites, emphasizing their importance as the foundation of the covenant with God.\n3. The Shema and the Greatest Commandment (Deuteronomy 6:4)\n- Moses delivers the Shema, a central declaration of faith: \"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is One.\" He also commands the Israelites to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength.\n4. Warnings Against Idolatry (Deuteronomy 7:1)\n- Moses warns the Israelites against adopting the practices of the nations they will dispossess, particularly idolatry, and instructs them to destroy all forms of idol worship.\n5. Blessings of Obedience and Curses of Disobedience (Deuteronomy 11:26)\n- Moses sets before the Israelites a choice between a blessing and a curse, contingent on their obedience or disobedience to God's commandments.\n6. Centralization of Worship (Deuteronomy 12:5)\n- God commands that worship and sacrifices be centralized in a place He will choose, to prevent the Israelites from adopting pagan practices.\n7. Laws on Clean and Unclean Foods (Deuteronomy 14:3)\n- Moses outlines dietary laws, distinguishing between clean and unclean animals, and instructs the Israelites on what they may and may not eat.\n8. The Sabbatical Year and the Year of Release (Deuteronomy 15:1)\n- Every seventh year, debts are to be forgiven, and Hebrew slaves are to be released, reflecting God's provision and mercy.\n9. The Appointment of Judges and Kings (Deuteronomy 16:18; 17:14)\n- Moses instructs the Israelites to appoint judges and officials in their towns and provides guidelines for the future appointment of a king.\n10. Prophets and False Prophets (Deuteronomy 18:15)\n- Moses promises that God will raise up a prophet like him from among the Israelites and warns against false prophets.\n11. Cities of Refuge (Deuteronomy 19:1)\n- Instructions are given for establishing cities of refuge where those who commit unintentional manslaughter can seek asylum.\n12. Laws of Warfare (Deuteronomy 20:1)\n- Moses provides guidelines for conducting warfare, including exemptions from battle and the treatment of conquered cities.\n13. Covenant Renewal Ceremony (Deuteronomy 27:1)\n- Moses instructs the Israelites to hold a covenant renewal ceremony on Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, with blessings and curses pronounced.\n14. The Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:1)\n- Moses recites a song that serves as a witness against the Israelites, reminding them of God's faithfulness and their potential unfaithfulness.\n15. Moses' Blessing on the Tribes (Deuteronomy 33:1)\n- Before his death, Moses blesses each of the tribes of Israel, offering prophetic insights and encouragement.\n16. The Death of Moses (Deuteronomy 34:5)\n- Moses ascends Mount Nebo, where he views the Promised Land before dying. He is buried by God in an unknown location, and Joshua succeeds him as leader."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Themes",
    "text": "1. Covenant Renewal (Deuteronomy 1:1)\n- Deuteronomy serves as a renewal of the covenant between God and the Israelites. Moses reiterates the laws and commandments given at Sinai, emphasizing the importance of obedience to maintain the covenant relationship.\n2. Obedience to God (Deuteronomy 4:1)\n- The book stresses the importance of obeying God's laws as a demonstration of faithfulness. Obedience is linked to blessings, prosperity, and life in the Promised Land.\n3. Monotheism (Deuteronomy 6:4)\n- The Shema, \"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is One,\" underscores the belief in one God and calls for exclusive devotion to Him.\n4. Love for God (Deuteronomy 6:5)\n- The command to \"love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength\" highlights the relational aspect of the covenant, where love is the foundation of obedience.\n5. Remembrance of God's Acts (Deuteronomy 8:2)\n- The Israelites are urged to remember God's past deeds, including the deliverance from Egypt and provision in the wilderness, as a basis for trust and obedience.\n6. Blessings and Curses (Deuteronomy 11:26)\n- The book outlines the blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience, emphasizing the consequences of the Israelites' choices regarding God's commandments.\n7. Social Justice (Deuteronomy 15:7)\n- Deuteronomy includes laws that promote justice and care for the marginalized, such as the poor, widows, orphans, and foreigners, reflecting God's concern for social equity.\n8. Centralization of Worship (Deuteronomy 12:5)\n- The Israelites are instructed to worship at a central location chosen by God, which later becomes Jerusalem, to maintain purity and unity in worship practices.\n9. Leadership and Authority (Deuteronomy 17:14)\n- Guidelines for kings, priests, and prophets are provided, emphasizing the need for leaders to adhere to God's laws and lead the people in righteousness.\n10. Prophecy and Fulfillment (Deuteronomy 18:15)\n- Moses speaks of a future prophet like himself, pointing to the role of prophecy in guiding and correcting the people, with an emphasis on listening to God's chosen messengers.\n11. Inheritance of the Land (Deuteronomy 1:8)\n- The promise of the land of Canaan as an inheritance is reiterated, contingent upon the Israelites' faithfulness to God's commandments.\n12. Teaching and Transmission of Faith (Deuteronomy 6:7)\n- The importance of teaching God's laws to the next generation is emphasized, ensuring the continuity of faith and obedience among the Israelites."
   },
   {
    "heading": "Titles and Types for Jesus",
    "text": "1. Prophet Like Moses\n- Description: In Deuteronomy, Moses speaks of a future prophet who will be like him, whom the people should listen to. Christians interpret this as a prophecy about Jesus, who is seen as the ultimate prophet and mediator between God and humanity.\n- Reference: \"The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must listen to him.\" (Deuteronomy 18:15)\n2. The Lawgiver\n- Description: While Moses is the immediate lawgiver in Deuteronomy, Jesus is seen as the fulfillment and embodiment of the Law. He provides a deeper understanding and completion of the Law's intent.\n- Reference: The entire book of Deuteronomy is a reiteration of the Law, with Jesus later seen as the one who fulfills it (e.g., Matthew 5:17).\n3. The Rock\n- Description: God is referred to as the Rock in Deuteronomy, symbolizing strength, stability, and faithfulness. In the New Testament, Jesus is often referred to as the spiritual Rock.\n- Reference: \"He is the Rock, His work is perfect; all His ways are just. A God of faithfulness without injustice, righteous and upright is He.\" (Deuteronomy 32:4)\n4. The Redeemer\n- Description: Deuteronomy speaks of God as the one who redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt. This act of redemption is seen as a precursor to Jesus' role as the Redeemer of humanity from sin.\n- Reference: \"But the LORD has taken you and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be the people of His inheritance, as you are today.\" (Deuteronomy 4:20)\n5. The Shepherd\n- Description: God is depicted as a shepherd who leads and cares for His people. This imagery is later applied to Jesus, who calls Himself the Good Shepherd.\n- Reference: \"He found him in a desert land, in a barren, howling wilderness; He surrounded him, He instructed him, He guarded him as the apple of His eye.\" (Deuteronomy 32:10)"
   },
   {
    "heading": "Key Prophecies",
    "text": "1. Prophecy of a Prophet Like Moses\n- Prophecy: \"The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own brothers. You must listen to him.\" (Deuteronomy 18:15)\n- Fulfillment: This prophecy is often interpreted as being fulfilled in Jesus Christ, as referenced in the New Testament (Acts 3:22-23).\n2. Prophecy of Blessings for Obedience\n- Prophecy: \"If you fully obey the LORD your God and carefully follow all his commands I give you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations on earth.\" (Deuteronomy 28:1)\n- Fulfillment: The blessings for obedience are seen during the reigns of kings like David and Solomon, when Israel experienced prosperity and peace.\n3. Prophecy of Curses for Disobedience\n- Prophecy: \"But if you do not obey the LORD your God and do not carefully follow all his commands and decrees I am giving you today, all these curses will come on you and overtake you.\" (Deuteronomy 28:15)\n- Fulfillment: The curses for disobedience are fulfilled in various periods of Israel's history, including the Babylonian exile (2 Kings 25).\n4. Prophecy of Exile and Return\n- Prophecy: \"Then the LORD will scatter you among all nations, from one end of the earth to the other... But if from there you seek the LORD your God, you will find him if you seek him with all your heart and with all your soul.\" (Deuteronomy 4:27, 29)\n- Fulfillment: The scattering occurs during the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles, and the return is seen in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.\n5. Prophecy of Israel's Future Apostasy\n- Prophecy: \"For I know that after my death you are sure to become utterly corrupt and to turn from the way I have commanded you.\" (Deuteronomy 31:29)\n- Fulfillment: This prophecy is fulfilled in the period of the Judges and later during the divided kingdom, as recorded in the books of Judges and Kings.<a"
   }
  ]
 },
 "outline": {
  "source": "biblehub.com/study",
  "section": {
   "label": "c.",
   "title": "The Future Leadership of Israel",
   "level": 2,
   "range": "31:1–30",
   "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:1–30"
  },
  "path": [
   {
    "label": "3.",
    "title": "Moses’ Third Address: A Look into the Future",
    "level": 1,
    "range": "27:1–34:12",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 27:1–34:12"
   },
   {
    "label": "c.",
    "title": "The Future Leadership of Israel",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "31:1–30",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:1–30"
   }
  ],
  "siblings": [
   {
    "label": "a.",
    "title": "When You Enter the Land",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "27:1–28:68",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 27:1–28:68",
    "current": false,
    "overlaps": false
   },
   {
    "label": "b.",
    "title": "The Covenant in Moab",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "29:1–30:20",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 29:1–30:20",
    "current": false,
    "overlaps": false
   },
   {
    "label": "c.",
    "title": "The Future Leadership of Israel",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "31:1–30",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:1–30",
    "current": true,
    "overlaps": true
   },
   {
    "label": "d.",
    "title": "The Song of Moses",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "32:1–47",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 32:1–47",
    "current": false,
    "overlaps": false
   },
   {
    "label": "e.",
    "title": "The Death of Moses",
    "level": 2,
    "range": "32:48–34:12",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 32:48–34:12",
    "current": false,
    "overlaps": false
   }
  ],
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "i.",
    "title": "Joshua to Succeed Moses",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:1–8",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:1–8",
    "overlaps": true
   },
   {
    "label": "ii.",
    "title": "The Reading of the Law",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:9–13",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:9–13",
    "overlaps": true
   },
   {
    "label": "iii.",
    "title": "God Commissions Joshua",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:14–23",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:14–23",
    "overlaps": true
   },
   {
    "label": "iv.",
    "title": "The Law Placed in the Ark of the Covenant",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:24–27",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:24–27",
    "overlaps": true
   },
   {
    "label": "v.",
    "title": "Leadership Gathers to Hear the Song of Moses",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:28–30",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:28–30",
    "overlaps": true
   }
  ],
  "spans": [
   {
    "label": "i.",
    "title": "Joshua to Succeed Moses",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:1–8",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:1–8"
   },
   {
    "label": "ii.",
    "title": "The Reading of the Law",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:9–13",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:9–13"
   },
   {
    "label": "iii.",
    "title": "God Commissions Joshua",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:14–23",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:14–23"
   },
   {
    "label": "iv.",
    "title": "The Law Placed in the Ark of the Covenant",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:24–27",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:24–27"
   },
   {
    "label": "v.",
    "title": "Leadership Gathers to Hear the Song of Moses",
    "level": 3,
    "range": "31:28–30",
    "ref": "Deuteronomy 31:28–30"
   }
  ]
 },
 "preceding": {
  "label": "iii.",
  "title": "The Choice of Life or Death",
  "level": 3,
  "range": "30:11–20",
  "ref": "Deuteronomy 30:11–20"
 },
 "following": {
  "label": "d.",
  "title": "The Song of Moses",
  "level": 2,
  "range": "32:1–47",
  "ref": "Deuteronomy 32:1–47"
 },
 "crossRefs": [
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:2",
   "to": [
    "Deuteronomy 34:7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:3",
   "to": [
    "Deuteronomy 9:3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:5",
   "to": [
    "Deuteronomy 7:2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:6",
   "to": [
    "Joshua 1:9"
   ]
  },
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:7",
   "to": [
    "Deuteronomy 3:28"
   ]
  },
  {
   "from": "Deuteronomy 31:8",
   "to": [
    "Exodus 33:14"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "crossRefSource": "openbible.info cross-references (CC-BY), top by votes",
 "story": {
  "storySoFar": "Moses led Israel through the wilderness after leaving Egypt and Sinai. On the plains of Moab he gave a first address summarizing events from Horeb onward and a second address stating the covenant terms. [[DEU.27.1-28.68|After the altar on Mount Ebal and the blessings and curses]] he renewed the covenant with the second generation and set before them [[DEU.30.11-30.20|the choice of life or death]].",
  "world": {
   "when": "end of 40-year wilderness journey, c. 15th century BC",
   "where": "plains of Moab, east of the Jordan River",
   "power": "LORD guiding Israel",
   "pressures": "preparing to enter the Promised Land after long journey",
   "dailyLife": ""
  },
  "people": [
   {
    "name": "Moses",
    "who": "leader of Israel",
    "wants": "prepare people for the land",
    "relation": "speaking to all Israel",
    "onStage": true
   },
   {
    "name": "Joshua",
    "who": "Moses' successor",
    "wants": "lead Israel into the land",
    "relation": "called by Moses before all Israel",
    "onStage": true
   },
   {
    "name": "Israelites",
    "who": "new generation entering Canaan",
    "wants": "receive the land sworn to fathers",
    "relation": "hearing Moses' words",
    "onStage": true
   },
   {
    "name": "LORD",
    "who": "God of Israel",
    "wants": "give land and go before Israel",
    "relation": "covenant partner with Israel",
    "onStage": true
   }
  ],
  "whyNow": {
   "tension": "Moses is 120 and cannot cross the Jordan; leadership transition required before entry",
   "watchFor": [
    "LORD going ahead",
    "strength and courage"
   ]
  },
  "sectionSummary": "Moses announces he cannot cross the Jordan, affirms the LORD and Joshua will lead, recalls past victories, and charges Joshua and the people to be strong.",
  "era": "Wilderness and Law",
  "approxDate": "15th century BC",
  "evidence": [
   "intro:EXO:summary",
   "intro:NUM:summary",
   "intro:DEU:context",
   "intro:DEU:author",
   "outline:DEU:0",
   "outline:DEU:20",
   "outline:DEU:87",
   "outline:DEU:93",
   "outline:DEU:97",
   "outline:DEU:98"
  ],
  "model": "xai:grok-4.3",
  "check": "pass",
  "scope": "section",
  "scopeLabel": "Joshua to Succeed Moses (31:1–8)"
 },
 "chapter": {
  "book": {
   "code": "DEU",
   "name": "Deuteronomy",
   "chapters": 34
  },
  "chapter": 31,
  "title": "Deuteronomy 31",
  "verses": 30,
  "where": [
   {
    "title": "Moses’ Third Address: A Look into the Future",
    "range": "27:1–34:12",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_27-34"
   },
   {
    "title": "The Future Leadership of Israel",
    "range": "31:1–30",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31"
   }
  ],
  "sections": [
   {
    "id": 98,
    "title": "Joshua to Succeed Moses",
    "range": "1–8",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31:1-8",
    "opening": "When Moses had finished speaking these words to all Israel,",
    "summary": null
   },
   {
    "id": 99,
    "title": "The Reading of the Law",
    "range": "9–13",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31:9-13",
    "opening": "So Moses wrote down this law and gave it to the priests, the sons of Levi, who carried the ark of the covenant of the…",
    "summary": null
   },
   {
    "id": 100,
    "title": "God Commissions Joshua",
    "range": "14–23",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31:14-23",
    "opening": "Then the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, the time of your death is near. Call Joshua and present yourselves at the Tent of…",
    "summary": null
   },
   {
    "id": 101,
    "title": "The Law Placed in the Ark of the Covenant",
    "range": "24–27",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31:24-27",
    "opening": "When Moses had finished writing in a book the words of this law from beginning to end,",
    "summary": null
   },
   {
    "id": 102,
    "title": "Leadership Gathers to Hear the Song of Moses",
    "range": "28–30",
    "href": "/Deuteronomy_31:28-30",
    "opening": "Assemble before me all the elders of your tribes and all your officers so that I may speak these words in their hearing…",
    "summary": null
   }
  ],
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "person",
    "items": [
     {
      "id": "moses_2108",
      "verses": [
       1,
       7,
       9,
       10,
       14,
       16,
       22,
       24,
       25,
       30
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Moses",
      "d": "Son of Amram and Jochebed",
      "first": "Exodus 2:10",
      "chs": 204,
      "m": "Moses"
     },
     {
      "id": "joshua_1727",
      "verses": [
       3,
       7,
       14,
       23
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Joshua",
      "d": "Jehovah is his help, or Jehovah the Saviour",
      "first": "Exodus 17:9",
      "chs": 45,
      "m": "Joshua"
     },
     {
      "id": "og_2238",
      "verses": [
       4
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Og",
      "d": "The king of Bashan, who was defeated by Moses in a pitched battle at Edrei, and was slain along with his sons, and whose kingdom was given to the…",
      "first": "Numbers 21:33",
      "chs": 15,
      "m": "Og"
     },
     {
      "id": "sihon_2739",
      "verses": [
       4
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Sihon",
      "d": "The whole country on the east of Jordan, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, was possessed by the Amorites, whose king, Sihon, refused to permit the…",
      "first": "Numbers 21:21",
      "chs": 18,
      "m": "Sihon"
     },
     {
      "id": "levi_1820",
      "verses": [
       9
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Levi (patriarch)",
      "d": "The third son of Jacob by Leah",
      "first": "Genesis 29:34",
      "chs": 43,
      "m": "Levi"
     },
     {
      "id": "israel_682",
      "verses": [
       19,
       22,
       23
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Jacob (Israel)",
      "d": "One who follows on another’s heels; supplanter,, the second born of the twin sons of Isaac by Rebekah",
      "first": "Genesis 32:28",
      "chs": 333,
      "m": "Israel"
     },
     {
      "id": "nun_2214",
      "verses": [
       23
      ],
      "k": "person",
      "n": "Nun",
      "d": "Beyond the fact that he was the father of Joshua nothing more is known of him",
      "first": "Exodus 33:11",
      "chs": 24,
      "m": "Nun"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "place",
    "items": [
     {
      "id": "place-jordan_653",
      "verses": [
       2,
       13
      ],
      "k": "place",
      "n": "Jordan",
      "d": "Water · River",
      "first": "Genesis 32:10",
      "chs": 89,
      "lat": 33.1864496,
      "lon": 35.6191595,
      "m": "Jordan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "group",
    "items": [
     {
      "id": "group-amorites",
      "verses": [
       4
      ],
      "k": "group",
      "n": "Amorites",
      "d": "Highlanders, or hillmen, the name given to the descendants of one of the sons of Canaan, called Amurra or Amurri in the Assyrian and Egyptian…",
      "first": "Genesis 10:16",
      "chs": 49,
      "m": "Amorites"
     },
     {
      "id": "group-israelites",
      "verses": [
       19,
       22,
       23
      ],
      "k": "group",
      "n": "Israelites",
      "d": "A people group named in 235 chapters",
      "first": "Genesis 32:32",
      "chs": 235,
      "m": "Israelites"
     },
     {
      "id": "group-levites",
      "verses": [
       25
      ],
      "k": "group",
      "n": "Levites",
      "d": "A descendant of the tribe of Levi",
      "first": "Exodus 2:1",
      "chs": 85,
      "m": "Levites"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "crossRefs": [
   {
    "f": "31:2",
    "to": "Deuteronomy 34:7",
    "sec": 98,
    "snip": "Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died, yet his eyes were not weak, and his vitality had not…",
    "section": "Joshua to Succeed Moses"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:3",
    "to": "Deuteronomy 9:3",
    "sec": 98,
    "snip": "But understand that today the LORD your God goes across ahead of you as a consuming fire; He will destroy…",
    "section": "Joshua to Succeed Moses"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:5",
    "to": "Deuteronomy 7:2",
    "sec": 98,
    "snip": "and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you to defeat them, then you must devote them to…",
    "section": "Joshua to Succeed Moses"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:9",
    "to": "Numbers 4:15",
    "sec": 99,
    "snip": "When Aaron and his sons have finished covering the holy objects and all their equipment, as soon as the camp…",
    "section": "The Reading of the Law"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:10",
    "to": "Leviticus 23:34-43",
    "sec": 99,
    "snip": "“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Feast of Tabernacles to the…",
    "section": "The Reading of the Law"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:11",
    "to": "2 Kings 23:2",
    "sec": 99,
    "snip": "And he went up to the house of the LORD with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, as well as the priests…",
    "section": "The Reading of the Law"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:14",
    "to": "Numbers 27:13",
    "sec": 100,
    "snip": "After you have seen it, you too will be gathered to your people, as your brother Aaron was;",
    "section": "God Commissions Joshua"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:16",
    "to": "Judges 10:6",
    "sec": 100,
    "snip": "And again the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD. They served the Baals, the Ashtoreths, the gods…",
    "section": "God Commissions Joshua"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:17",
    "to": "Numbers 14:42",
    "sec": 100,
    "snip": "Do not go up, lest you be struck down by your enemies, because the LORD is not among you.",
    "section": "God Commissions Joshua"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:28",
    "to": "Deuteronomy 4:26",
    "sec": 102,
    "snip": "I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you this day that you will quickly perish from the land that you…",
    "section": "Leadership Gathers to Hear the Song of Moses"
   },
   {
    "f": "31:29",
    "to": "Judges 2:19",
    "sec": 102,
    "snip": "But when the judge died, the Israelites became even more corrupt than their fathers, going after other gods…",
    "section": "Leadership Gathers to Hear the Song of Moses"
   }
  ],
  "previous": {
   "chapter": 30,
   "sections": [
    "The Promise of Restoration",
    "The Choice of Life or Death"
   ]
  },
  "next": {
   "chapter": 32,
   "sections": [
    "The Song of Moses",
    "Moses’ Death Foretold"
   ]
  },
  "facts": {
   "author": "Moses",
   "audience": "The text addresses the new generation of Israelites about to enter Canaan, reminding them of God’s laws and covenant.",
   "date": "The book of Deuteronomy derives its name from the Greek “deuteronomion,” meaning “second law.” Traditionally, scholars attribute the majority of its authorship to Moses, who is believed to have written it during the final stages of his life, around the 15th century BC.",
   "theme": "Second Giving of the Law",
   "summary": "Deuteronomy recounts Moses’ final speeches to the Israelites before entering the Promised Land, emphasizing covenant renewal and obedience to God’s laws. It reiterates the Ten Commandments, outlines blessings for obedience, and warns of curses for disobedience. Moses urges faithfulness, love for God, and adherence to God’s commandments."
  },
  "era": {
   "index": 3,
   "label": "Wilderness"
  },
  "routeBible": "https://route.bible/DEU.31"
 }
}